|
Romania
Background:
|
|
The principalities of Wallachia and
Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman
Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they united in 1859 and a few
years later adopted the new name of Romania. The country gained
recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in
World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania -
following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and
participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years
later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war
Soviet occupation led to the formation of a Communist "people's
republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule
of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his
Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian
through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989.
Former Communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were
swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.
|
|
|
|
Location:
|
|
Southeastern Europe, bordering the
Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
|
|
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
|
46 00 N, 25 00 E
|
|
|
Map references:
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
Area:
|
|
total: 238,391
sq km
land:
229,891 sq km
water:
8,500 sq km
|
|
|
Area - comparative:
|
|
slightly smaller than
Oregon
|
|
|
Land boundaries:
|
|
total: 2,508
km
border countries:
Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km,
Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
|
|
|
Coastline:
|
|
225 km
|
|
|
Maritime claims:
|
|
territorial sea: 12
nm
contiguous zone:
24 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
continental shelf:
200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|
|
|
Climate:
|
|
Current Weather
temperate; cold, cloudy
winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers
and thunderstorms
|
|
|
Terrain:
|
|
central Transylvanian
Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern
Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the
south by the Transylvanian Alps
|
|
|
Elevation extremes:
|
|
lowest point: Black
Sea 0 m
highest point:
Moldoveanu 2,544 m
|
|
|
Natural resources:
|
|
petroleum (reserves
declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land,
hydropower
|
|
|
Land use:
|
|
arable land: 39.49%
permanent crops:
1.92%
other:
58.59% (2005)
|
|
|
Irrigated land:
|
|
30,770 sq km (2003)
|
|
|
Total
renewable water resources:
|
|
42.3 cu km (2003)
|
|
|
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
|
|
total: 6.5
cu km/yr (9%/34%/57%)
per capita:
299 cu m/yr (2003)
|
|
|
Natural hazards:
|
|
earthquakes, most severe
in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote
landslides
|
|
|
Environment - current issues:
|
|
soil erosion and
degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial
effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
|
|
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
|
party to: Air
Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of
the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
|
|
|
Geography - note:
|
|
controls most easily
traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine
|
|
|
|
Population:
|
|
22,181,287 (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
|
|
|
Age structure:
|
|
0-14 years: 15.5%
(male 1,768,207/female 1,677,503)
15-64 years:
69.8% (male 7,701,149/female 7,774,159)
65 years and over:
14.7% (male 1,326,163/female 1,934,106) (2010
est.)
|
|
|
Median age:
|
|
total: 38.1
years
male:
36.7 years
female:
39.6 years (2010 est.)
|
|
|
Population growth rate:
|
|
-0.16% (2010 est.)
13
|
|
|
Birth rate:
|
|
10.43 births/1,000
population (2010 est.)
83
|
|
|
Death rate:
|
|
11.91 deaths/1,000
population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
|
|
|
Net migration rate:
|
|
-0.13 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2010 est.)
|
|
|
Urbanization:
|
|
urban population: 54%
of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization:
-0.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
|
|
|
Sex ratio:
|
|
at birth: 1.063
male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.69 male(s)/female
total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
|
|
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
|
total: 22.09
deaths/1,000 live births
male:
25.1 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
18.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
|
|
|
Life expectancy at birth:
|
|
total population: 72.71
years
21
male:
69.22 years
female:
76.43 years (2010 est.)
|
|
|
Total fertility rate:
|
|
1.4 children born/woman
(2010 est.)
98
|
|
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|
|
less than 0.1% (2007
est.)
27
|
|
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|
|
15,000 (2007 est.)
|
|
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
|
350 (2001 est.)
02
|
|
|
Nationality:
|
|
noun: Romanian(s)
adjective:
Romanian
|
|
|
Ethnic groups:
|
|
Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian
6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish
0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census)
|
|
|
Religions:
|
|
Eastern Orthodox
(including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various
denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic
4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002
census)
|
|
|
Languages:
|
|
Romanian 91% (official),
Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2%
|
|
|
Literacy:
|
|
definition: age
15 and over can read and write
total population:
97.3%
male:
98.4%
female:
96.3% (2002 census)
|
|
|
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
|
|
total: 14
years
male:
14 years
female:
14 years (2006)
|
|
|
Education expenditures:
|
|
3.5% of GDP (2005)
30
|
|
|
|
Country name:
|
|
conventional long form: none
conventional short form:
Romania
local long form:
none
local short form:
Romania
|
|
|
Government type:
|
|
republic
|
|
|
Capital:
|
|
name: Bucharest
geographic coordinates:
44 26 N, 26 06 E
time difference:
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
daylight saving time:
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last
Sunday in October
|
|
|
Administrative divisions:
|
|
41 counties (judete,
singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges,
Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti
(Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna,
Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita,
Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj,
Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea,
Vrancea
|
|
|
Independence:
|
|
9 May 1877 (independence
proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized 13 July 1878
by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30
December 1947 (republic proclaimed)
|
|
|
National holiday:
|
|
Unification Day (of
Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)
|
|
|
Constitution:
|
|
8 December 1991; revised
29 October 2003
|
|
|
Legal system:
|
|
based on civil law
system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
|
|
|
Suffrage:
|
|
18 years of age;
universal
|
|
|
Executive branch:
|
|
chief of state: President
Traian BASESCU (since 20 December 2004)
head of government:
Prime Minister Emil BOC (since 22 December 2008);
Deputy Prime Minister Marko BELA (since 23 December 2009)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime
minister
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year
term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 November
2009 with runoff on 6 December 2009 (next to be held in
November-December 2014); prime minister appointed by the president with
the consent of the Parliament
election results:
Traian BASESCU reelected president; percent of
vote - Traian BASESCU 50.3%, Mircea GEOANA 49.7%
|
|
|
Legislative branch:
|
|
bicameral Parliament or
Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (137 seats; members elected by
popular vote in a mixed electoral system to serve four-year terms) and
the Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (334 seats; members
elected by popular vote in a mixed electoral system to serve four-year
terms)
elections:
Senate - last held on 30 November 2008 (next
expected to be held in November 2012); Chamber of Deputies - last held
on 30 November 2008 (next expected to be held in November 2012)
election results:
Senate - percent of vote by alliance/party -
PSD-PC 34.2%, PD-L 33.6%, PNL 18.7%, UDMR 6.4%, other 7.1%; seats by
alliance/party - PSD-PC 49, PD-L 51, PNL 28, UDMR 9; Chamber of Deputies
- percent of vote by alliance/party - PSD-PC 33.1%, PD-L 32.4%, PNL
18.6%, UDMR 6.2%, ethnic minorities 3.6%, other 6.1%; seats by
alliance/party - PD-L 115, PSD-PC 114, PNL 65, UDMR 22, ethnic
minorities 18
|
|
|
Judicial branch:
|
|
Supreme Court of Justice
(comprised of 11 judges appointed for three-year terms by the president
in consultation with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is
comprised of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil
society representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and
prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional
Court, validates elections and makes decisions regarding the
constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and internal rules of
the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members serving nine-year terms,
with three members each appointed by the president, the Senate, and the
Chamber of Deputies
|
|
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
|
Conservative Party or PC
[Daniela POPA] (formerly Humanist Party or PUR); Democratic Liberal
Party or PD-L [Emil BOC]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or
UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Crin ANTONESCU];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Mircea Dan GEOANA] (formerly Party of
Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR)
|
|
|
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
|
other: various
human rights and professional associations
|
|
|
International organization participation:
|
|
Australia Group, BIS,
BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA
(observer), MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE,
PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS,
UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|
|
|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
|
chief of mission: Ambassador
Adrian Cosmin VIERITA
chancery:
1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851, 4852
FAX:
[1] (202) 232-4748
consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
|
|
|
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
|
chief of mission: Ambassador
Mark GITENSTEIN
embassy:
Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest
mailing address:
pouch: American Embassy Bucharest, US Department
of State, 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch)
telephone:
[40] (21) 200-3300
FAX:
[40] (21) 200-3442
|
|
|
Flag description:
|
|
three equal vertical
bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the three colors were used
by various national revolutionary movements in the 19th century; the
national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has
been removed
note:
now similar to the flag of Chad, whose blue band
is darker; also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova
|
|
|
|
Economy - overview:
|
|
Romania, which joined the European
Union on 1 January 2007, began the transition from Communism in 1989
with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited
to the country's needs. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing
three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets.
Domestic consumption and investment have fueled strong GDP growth in
recent years, but have led to large current account imbalances.
Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur
creation of a middle class and address Romania's widespread poverty.
Corruption and red tape continue to handicap its business environment.
Inflation rose in 2007-08, driven in part by strong consumer demand and
high wage growth, rising energy costs, a nation-wide drought affecting
food prices, and a relaxation of fiscal discipline, but fell in 2009 as a
result of the world recession. Romania's GDP growth contracted markedly
in the last quarter of 2008 as the country began to feel the effects of
a global downturn in financial markets and trade, and GDP fell more
than 7% in 2009, and unemployment nearly doubled. Romania hopes to adopt
the euro by 2014.
|
|
|
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
|
$255.4 billion (2009
est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
$275.2
billion (2008 est.)
$257
billion (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
|
|
|
GDP (official exchange rate):
|
|
$162.6 billion (2009
est.)
|
|
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
|
-7.2% (2009 est.)
01
7.1%
(2008 est.)
6.3%
(2007 est.)
|
|
|
GDP - per capita (PPP):
|
|
$11,500 (2009 est.)
$12,400
(2008 est.)
$11,500
(2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
|
|
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
|
agriculture: 12.4%
industry:
35%
services:
52.6% (2009 est.)
|
|
|
Labor force:
|
|
9.33 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
|
|
|
Labor force -
by occupation:
|
|
agriculture: 29.7%
industry:
23.2%
services:
47.1% (2006)
|
|
|
Unemployment rate:
|
|
7.8% (2009 est.)
4.4%
(2008 est.)
|
|
|
Population
below poverty line:
|
|
25% (2005 est.)
|
|
|
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
|
lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%:
20.8% (2006)
|
|
|
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
|
32 (2008)
03
28.8
(2003)
|
|
|
Investment (gross fixed):
|
|
25.6% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
|
|
|
Budget:
|
|
revenues: $51.36
billion
expenditures:
$63.3 billion (2009 est.)
|
|
|
Public debt:
|
|
24% of GDP (2009 est.)
20.1%
of GDP (2008 est.)
|
|
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
|
5.6% (2009 est.)
50
7.8%
(2008 est.)
|
|
|
Central bank
discount rate:
|
|
NA%
|
|
|
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
|
|
14.99% (31 December 2008)
13.35%
(31 December 2007)
|
|
|
Stock of money:
|
|
$25.3 billion (31
December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 39
$25.17
billion (31 December 2007)
|
|
|
Stock of quasi money:
|
|
$36.09 billion (31
December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 43
$34.96
billion (31 December 2007)
|
|
|
Stock of
domestic credit:
|
|
$72.85 billion (31
December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 48
$58.76
billion (31 December 2007)
|
|
|
Market value of publicly traded shares:
|
|
$31.32 billion (31
December 2009)
$19.92
billion (31 December 2008)
$44.93
billion (31 December 2007)
|
|
|
Agriculture - products:
|
|
wheat, corn, barley,
sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
|
|
|
Industries:
|
|
electric machinery and
equipment, textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly,
mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food
processing, petroleum refining
|
|
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
|
-7% (2009 est.)
24
|
|
|
Electricity -
production:
|
|
58.28 billion kWh (2007
est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
|
|
|
Electricity -
consumption:
|
|
49.44 billion kWh (2007
est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
|
|
|
Electricity - exports:
|
|
5.169 billion kWh (2008
est.)
|
|
|
Electricity - imports:
|
|
921 million kWh (2008
est.)
|
|
|
Oil - production:
|
|
111,000 bbl/day (2008
est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
|
|
|
Oil - consumption:
|
|
219,000 bbl/day (2008
est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
|
|
|
Oil - exports:
|
|
115,600 bbl/day (2007
est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
|
|
|
Oil - imports:
|
|
217,000 bbl/day (2007
est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
|
|
|
Oil - proved reserves:
|
|
600 million bbl (1
January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
|
|
|
Natural gas -
production:
|
|
11.42 billion cu m (2008
est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
|
|
|
Natural gas -
consumption:
|
|
16.92 billion cu m (2008
est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
|
|
|
Natural gas - exports:
|
|
0 cu m (2008 est.)
39
|
|
|
Natural gas - imports:
|
|
5.5 billion cu m (2008
est.)
9
|
|
|
Natural
gas - proved reserves:
|
|
63 billion cu m (1
January 2009 est.)
|
|
|
Current account balance:
|
|
-$7.025 billion (2009
est.)
4
-$24.81
billion (2008 est.)
|
|
|
Exports:
|
|
$40.36 billion (2009
est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
$49.76
billion (2008 est.)
|
|
|
Exports - commodities:
|
|
machinery and equipment,
textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and
equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products
|
|
|
Exports - partners:
|
|
Germany 16.3%, Italy
15.4%, France 7.3%, Turkey 6.5%, Hungary 5%, Bulgaria 4.1% (2008)
|
|
|
Imports:
|
|
$49.75 billion (2009
est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
$77.94
billion (2008 est.)
|
|
|
Imports - commodities:
|
|
machinery and equipment,
fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, metals,
agricultural products
|
|
|
Imports - partners:
|
|
Germany 16.1%, Italy
11.2%, Hungary 7.3%, Russia 5.9%, France 5.6%, Turkey 4.9%, Austria
4.8%, Kazakhstan 4.5%, China 4.2% (2008)
|
|
|
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
|
$45.52 billion (31
December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
$39.47
billion (31 December 2008 est.)
|
|
|
Debt - external:
|
|
$95.48 billion (31
December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
$102.2
billion (31 December 2008 est.)
|
|
|
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|
|
$75.42 billion (31
December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
$68.62
billion (31 December 2008 est.)
|
|
|
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|
|
$1.57 billion (31
December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
$1.48
billion (31 December 2008 est.)
|
|
|
Exchange rates:
|
|
lei (RON) per US dollar -
3.07 (2009), 2.5 (2008), 2.43 (2007), 2.809 (2006), 3 (2005)
|
|
|
|
Telephones - main lines in use:
|
|
5.036 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 31
|
|
|
Telephones -
mobile cellular:
|
|
24.467 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 34
|
|
|
Telephone system:
|
|
general assessment: the
telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic
and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular
services
domestic:
more than 90 percent of telephone network is
automatic; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons;
mobile-cellular teledensity, expanding rapidly, roughly 110 telephones
per 100 persons
international:
country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic
System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth
stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in
Bucharest (2008)
|
|
|
Radio broadcast stations:
|
|
698 (station frequency
type NA) (2006)
|
|
|
Television
broadcast stations:
|
|
623 (plus 200 repeaters)
(2006)
|
|
|
Internet country code:
|
|
.ro
|
|
|
Internet hosts:
|
|
2.188 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 31
|
|
|
Internet users:
|
|
6.132 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 37
|
|
|
|
Airports:
|
|
53 (2009)
|
|
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
|
total: 25
over 3,047 m:
4
2,438 to 3,047 m:
10
1,524 to 2,437 m:
11 (2009)
|
|
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
|
total: 28
914 to 1,523 m:
7
under 914 m:
21 (2009)
|
|
|
Heliports:
|
|
2 (2009)
|
|
|
Pipelines:
|
|
gas 3,588 km; oil 2,424
km (2009)
|
|
|
Railways:
|
|
total: 10,788
km
1
broad gauge:
57 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge:
10,731 km 1.435-m gauge (3,965 km electrified)
(2008)
|
|
|
Roadways:
|
|
total: 198,817
km
6
paved:
60,043 km (includes 228 km of expressways)
unpaved:
138,774 km (2004)
|
|
|
Waterways:
|
|
1,731 km
country comparison to the world: 48
note:
includes 1,075 km on Danube River, 524 km on
secondary branches, and 132 km on canals (2006)
|
|
|
Merchant marine:
|
|
total: 17
03
by type:
cargo 11, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2,
petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1
registered in other countries:
49 (Cambodia 1, Georgia 16, North Korea 4, Liberia
2, Malta 8, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 3, Panama 7, Saint Kitts and
Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Sierra Leone 3, Syria 2)
(2008)
|
|
|
Ports and terminals:
|
|
Braila, Constanta,
Galati, Tulcea
|
|
|
|
Military branches:
|
|
Land Forces, Naval Forces, Romanian
Air Force (Fortele Aeriene Romane, FAR), Special Operations (2010)
|
|
|
Military service age and obligation:
|
|
18-35 years of age for
male and female voluntary military service; conscription officially
ended October 2006; all military inductees (including women) contract
for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive
contracts for 3-year terms until age 36 (2009)
|
|
|
Manpower available for military service:
|
|
males age 16-49: 5,617,144
females age 16-49:
5,487,510 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
Manpower fit for military service:
|
|
males age 16-49: 4,513,619
females age 16-49:
4,566,620 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
|
|
male: 121,391
female:
115,258 (2010 est.)
|
|
|
Military expenditures:
|
|
1.9% of GDP (2007 est.)
|
|
|
|
| Transnational Issues
::Romania |
Disputes - international:
|
|
the ICJ gave Ukraine until December
2006 to reply, and Romania until June 2007 to issue a rejoinder, in
their dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered
Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary
delimitation; Romania also opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation
canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
|
|
|
Illicit drugs:
|
|
major transshipment point
for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small
amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not
a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it
vulnerable to laundering, which occurs via the banking system, currency
exchange houses, and casinos
|
|
|
|
|
Back to Countries in Europe
Back to All Travel to Destinations Homepage
|
|
|
