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Monaco
Background:
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The Genoese built a fortress on the
site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family
first seized temporary control in 1297, and again in 1331, but were not
able to permanently secure their holding until 1419. Economic
development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup
to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's
mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco
world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
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Location:
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Western Europe, bordering the
Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with
Italy
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Geographic coordinates:
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43 44 N, 7 24 E
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Map references:
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Europe
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Area:
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total: 2
sq km
48
land:
2 sq km
water:
0 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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about three times the
size of The Mall in Washington, DC
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Land boundaries:
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total: 4.4
km
border countries:
France 4.4 km
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Coastline:
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4.1 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12
nm
exclusive economic zone:
12 nm
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Climate:
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Current Weather
Mediterranean with mild,
wet winters and hot, dry summers
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Terrain:
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hilly, rugged, rocky
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Mediterranean
Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mont Agel 140 m
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Natural resources:
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none
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Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops:
0%
other:
100% (urban area) (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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NA
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Natural hazards:
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NA
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Environment - current issues:
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NA
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air
Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,
Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note:
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second-smallest
independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
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Population:
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30,586 (July 2010 est.)
12
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 12.6%
(male 1,973/female 1,881)
15-64 years:
61.3% (male 9,390/female 9,349)
65 years and over:
26.1% (male 3,555/female 4,438) (2010 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 48.9
years
male:
48 years
female:
49.9 years (2010 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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-0.183% (2010 est.)
15
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Birth rate:
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7.03 births/1,000
population (2010 est.)
23
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Death rate:
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8.01 deaths/1,000
population (July 2010 est.)
06
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Net migration rate:
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-0.85 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2010 est.)
16
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Urbanization:
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urban population: 100%
of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization:
0.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.048
male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female
total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 1.78
deaths/1,000 live births
24
male:
2.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
1.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 89.78
years
male:
85.81 years
female:
93.9 years (2010 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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1.5 children born/woman
(2010 est.)
86
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA
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Nationality:
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noun: Monegasque(s)
or Monacan(s)
adjective:
Monegasque or Monacan
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Ethnic groups:
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French 47%, Monegasque
16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 90%, other
10%
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Languages:
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French (official),
English, Italian, Monegasque
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Literacy:
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definition: age
15 and over can read and write
total population:
99%
male:
99%
female:
99% (2003 est.)
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Education expenditures:
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4.4% of GDP (2004)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Principality of
Monaco
conventional short form:
Monaco
local long form:
Principaute de Monaco
local short form:
Monaco
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Government type:
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constitutional monarchy
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Capital:
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name: Monaco
geographic coordinates:
43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference:
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
daylight saving time:
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last
Sunday in October
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Administrative divisions:
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none; there are no
first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government,
but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier);
Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
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Independence:
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1419 (beginning of
permanent rule by the House of Grimaldi)
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National holiday:
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National Day (Saint
Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)
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Constitution:
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17 December 1962;
modified 2 April 2002
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Legal system:
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based on French law; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age;
universal
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Prince
ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government:
Minister of State Michel ROGER (since 29 March
2010)
cabinet:
Council of Government under the authority of the
monarch
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state
appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates
presented by the French Government
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National
Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list
majority system, 8 by proportional representation to serve five-year
terms)
elections:
last held on 3 February 2008 (next to be held in
February 2013)
election results:
percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2%, REM 40.5%,
Monaco Together 7.3%; seats by party - UPM 21, REM 3
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court or Tribunal
Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by
the National Council)
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Political parties and leaders:
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Monaco Together; Rally
and Issues for Monaco or REM; Union for Monaco or UPM (including
National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM)
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA
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International organization participation:
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CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC,
ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU,
ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador
to the US and Representative to the UN Gilles NOGHES
chancery:
3400 International Drive NW, Suite 2K-100,
Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
(202) 234-1530
FAX:
(202) 552-5778
consulate(s) general:
New York
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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the US does not have an
embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco;
the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the
US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters
concerning Monaco
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Flag description:
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two equal horizontal
bands of red (top) and white; the colors are those of the ruling House
of Grimaldi and have been in use since 1339, making the flag one of the
world's oldest national banners
note:
similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer
and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
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Economy - overview:
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Monaco, bordering France on the
Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its
casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a major banking
center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small,
high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax
and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals
who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set
up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of
sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal
service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in
prosperous French metropolitan areas.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$976.3 million (2006
est.)
99
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$NA
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GDP - real growth rate:
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NA% (2000 est.)
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$30,000 (2006 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 0%
industry:
4.9%
services:
95.1% (2005)
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Labor force:
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44,000
91
note:
includes workers from all foreign countries (2005
est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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0% (2005)
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Population
below poverty line:
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NA%
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%:
NA%
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Budget:
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revenues: $863
million
expenditures:
$920.6 million (2005 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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1.9% (2000)
country comparison to the world: 70
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Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$NA
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Agriculture - products:
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none
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Industries:
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tourism, construction,
small-scale industrial and consumer products
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA%
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Electricity -
consumption:
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NA kWh
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Electricity - imports:
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NA kWh; note -
electricity supplied by France
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Exports:
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$716.3 million (2005)
58
note:
full customs integration with France, which
collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU
market system through customs union with France
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Imports:
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$916.1 million (2005)
1
note:
full customs integration with France, which
collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU
market system through customs union with France
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Debt - external:
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$18 billion (2000 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
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Exchange rates:
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euros (EUR) per US dollar
- 0.7338 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041
(2005)
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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35,000 (2008)
5
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Telephones -
mobile cellular:
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22,000 (2008)
06
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: modern
automatic telephone system; the country's sole fixed line operator
offers a full range of services to residential and business customers
domestic:
combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular
teledensity exceeds 100%
international:
country code - 377; no satellite earth stations;
connected by cable into the French communications system
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM 11, shortwave 1
(2008)
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Television
broadcast stations:
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5 (1998)
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Internet country code:
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.mc
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Internet hosts:
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22,608 (2009)
00
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Internet users:
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22,000 (2008)
89
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Heliports:
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1 (2007)
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Roadways:
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total: 50
km
16
paved:
50 km (2007)
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Merchant marine:
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registered in other countries: 70
(Bahamas 15, Georgia 4, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 8, Marshall Islands 13,
Norway 5, Panama 16, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Vanuatu 1)
(2008)
country comparison to the world: 61
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Ports and terminals:
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Monaco
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Military branches:
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no regular military forces; the
Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 16-49: 5,814
(2010 est.)
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 16-49: 4,680
females age 16-49:
4,691 (2010 est.)
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Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
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male: 147
female:
133 (2010 est.)
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Military - note:
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defense is the
responsibility of France
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| Transnational Issues
::Monaco |
Disputes - international:
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none
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