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Cyprus
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Background:
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A former British colony, Cyprus
became independent in 1960 following years of resistance to British
rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot
minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the
capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964,
sporadic intercommunal violence continued forcing most Turkish Cypriots
into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek
Government-sponsored attempt to seize control of Cyprus was met by
military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a
third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot-occupied area declared
itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), but it is
recognized only by Turkey. The election of a new Cypriot president in
2008 served as the impetus for the UN to encourage both the Turkish and
Cypriot Governments to reopen unification negotiations. In September
2008, the leaders of the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities
started negotiations under UN auspices aimed at reuniting the divided
island. The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004, although the EU
acquis - the body of common rights and obligations - applies only to the
areas under the internationally recognized Greek Cypriot Government,
and is suspended in the areas administered by Turkish Cypriots. However,
individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for
Republic of Cyprus citizenship legally enjoy the same rights accorded to
other citizens of European Union states.
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Location:
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Middle East, island in the
Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey
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Geographic coordinates:
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35 00 N, 33 00 E
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Map references:
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Europe
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Area:
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total: 9,251
sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)
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land:
9,241 sq km
water:
10 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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about 0.6 times the size
of Connecticut
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Land boundaries:
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total: 150.4
km (approximately)
border sovereign base areas:
Akrotiri 47.4 km, Dhekelia 103 km (approximately)
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Coastline:
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648 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12
nm
contiguous zone:
24 nm
continental shelf:
200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
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Climate:
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Current Weather
temperate; Mediterranean
with hot, dry summers and cool winters
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Terrain:
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central plain with
mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along
southern coast
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Mediterranean
Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Olympus 1,951 m
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Natural resources:
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copper, pyrites,
asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
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Land use:
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arable land: 10.81%
permanent crops:
4.32%
other:
84.87% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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400 sq km (2003)
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Total
renewable water resources:
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0.4 cu km (2005)
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Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 0.21
cu km/yr (27%/1%/71%)
per capita:
250 cu m/yr (2000)
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Natural hazards:
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moderate earthquake
activity; droughts
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Environment - current issues:
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water resource problems
(no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea
water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the
north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal
degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air
Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent
Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note:
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the third largest island
in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia)
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Population:
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1,102,677 (July 2010 est.)
57
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 16.5%
(male 93,829/female 88,543)
15-64 years:
73.3% (male 420,062/female 388,050)
65 years and over:
10.2% (male 48,652/female 63,541) (2010 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 34.5
years
male:
33.2 years
female:
36.3 years (2010 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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1.663% (2010 est.)
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Birth rate:
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11.38 births/1,000
population (2010 est.)
1
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Death rate:
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6.42 deaths/1,000
population (July 2010 est.)
54
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Net migration rate:
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11.68 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
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Urbanization:
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urban population: 70%
of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization:
1.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1.08 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female
total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 9.57
deaths/1,000 live births
55
male:
11.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
7.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 77.66
years
country comparison to the world: 53
male:
74.88 years
female:
80.57 years (2010 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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1.45 children born/woman
(2010 est.)
90
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.1% (2003 est.)
64
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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fewer than 1,000 (2007
est.)
42
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA
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Nationality:
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noun: Cypriot(s)
adjective:
Cypriot
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Ethnic groups:
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Greek 77%, Turkish 18%,
other 5% (2001)
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Religions:
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Greek Orthodox 78%,
Muslim 18%, other (includes Maronite and Armenian Apostolic) 4%
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Languages:
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Greek, Turkish, English
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Literacy:
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definition: age
15 and over can read and write
total population:
97.6%
male:
98.9%
female:
96.3% (2001 census)
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School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
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total: 14
years
male:
13 years
female:
14 years (2006)
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Education expenditures:
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6.3% of GDP (2004)
country comparison to the world: 35
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus
conventional short form:
Cyprus
local long form:
Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyeti
local short form:
Kypros/Kibris
note:
the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers
the northern part of the island, refers to itself as the "Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC")
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Government type:
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republic
note:
a separation of the two ethnic communities
inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in
1963; this separation was further solidified after the Turkish
intervention in July 1974 that followed a Greek military-junta-supported
coup attempt gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north;
Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government;
on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared
independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus" ("TRNC"), which is recognized only by Turkey
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Capital:
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name: Nicosia
(Lefkosia)
geographic coordinates:
35 10 N, 33 22 E
time difference:
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
daylight saving time:
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last
Sunday in October
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Administrative divisions:
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6 districts; Famagusta,
Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos; note - Turkish Cypriot
area's administrative divisions include Kyrenia, all but a small part of
Famagusta, and small parts of Nicosia (Lefkosia)
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Independence:
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16 August 1960 (from the
UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975
and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by
Turkey
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 1
October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as
Independence Day
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Constitution:
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16 August 1960
note:
from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer
participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for a
new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better
relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held
intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974 Turkish
intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and
governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which
became the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)" when the Turkish
Cypriots declared independence in 1983; a new constitution for the
"TRNC" passed by referendum on 5 May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains
unrecognized by any country other than Turkey
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Legal system:
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based on English common
law with civil law modifications; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
with reservations
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age;
universal
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President
Demetris CHRISTOFIAS (since 28 February 2008); note - the president is
both the chief of state and head of government; post of vice president
is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved
for a Turkish Cypriot
head of government:
President Demetris CHRISTOFIAS (since 28 February
2008)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed jointly by the
president and vice president
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year
term; election last held on 17 and 24 February 2008 (next to be held in
February 2013)
election results:
Demetris CHRISTOFIAS elected president; percent of
vote (first round) - Ioannis KASOULIDES 33.5%, Demetris CHRISTOFIAS
33.3%, Tassos PAPADOPOULOS 31.8%; (second round) Demetris CHRISTOFIAS
53.4%, Ioannis KASOULIDES 46.6%
note:
Dervis EROGLU became "president" of the "TRNC" on
23 April 2010 after "presidential" elections on 18 April 2010; results -
Dervis EROGLU 50.4%, Mehmet Ali TALAT 42.9%; Huseyin OZGURGUN is "TRNC
acting prime minister"
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral - area under
government control: House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80
seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots; note -
only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members are elected
by popular vote to serve five-year terms); area administered by Turkish
Cypriots: Assembly of the Republic or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections:
area under government control: last held on 21 May
2006 (next to be held in May 2011); area administered by Turkish
Cypriots: last held on 19 April 2009 (next to be held in 2014)
election results:
area under government control: House of
Representatives - percent of vote by party - AKEL 31.1%, DISY 30.3%,
DIKO 17.9%, EDEK 8.9%, EURO.KO 5.8%, Greens 2.0%; seats by party - AKEL
18, DISY 18, DIKO 11, EDEK 4, EURO.KO 4, Greens 1; area administered by
Turkish Cypriots: Assembly of the Republic - percent of vote by party -
UBP 44.1%, CTP 29.3%, DP 10.6%, other 16%; seats by party - UBP 26, CTP
15, DP 5, other 4
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court (judges are
appointed jointly by the president and vice president)
note:
there is also a Supreme Court in the area
administered by Turkish Cypriots
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Political parties and leaders:
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area under government control: Democratic
Party or DIKO [Marios KAROYIAN]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos
ANASTASIADES]; European Party or EURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting
Democratic Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDES]; Green Party of Cyprus
[George PERDIKIS]; Movement for Social Democrats or EDEK [Yiannakis
OMIROU]; Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist
Party) [Andros KYPRIANOU]; United Democrats or EDI [Michalis PAPAPETROU]
area administered by Turkish Cypriots:
Centrist Party or HP [Rasit PERTEV]; Communal
Democracy Party or TDP [Mehmet CAKICIL]; Cyprus Socialist Party or KSP
[Yusuf ALKIM]; Democratic Party or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; Freedom and
Reform Party or ORP [Turgay AVCI]; National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis
EROGLU]; Nationalist Justice Party or MAP [Ata TEPE]; New Cyprus Party
or YKP [Murat KANATLI]; Politics for the People Party or HIS [Ahmet
YONLUER]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Ferdi Sabit SOYER]; United
Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Confederation of Cypriot
Workers or SEK (pro-West); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions
or Dev-Is; Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions or Turk-Sen;
Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist controlled)
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International organization participation:
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Australia Group, C, CE,
EBRD, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, IFAD, IFC, IHO,
ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC,
MIGA, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (associate member), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WTO
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador
Andreas KAKOURIS
chancery:
2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 462-5772, 462-0873
FAX:
[1] (202) 483-6710
consulate(s) general:
New York
note:
representative of the Turkish Cypriot community in
the US is Hilmi AKIL; office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC;
telephone [1] (202) 887-6198
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador
Frank C. URBANCIC, Jr.
embassy:
corner of Metochiou and Ploutarchou Streets, 2407
Engomi, Nicosia
mailing address:
P. O. Box 24536, 1385 Nicosia
telephone:
[357] (22) 393939
FAX:
[357] (22) 780944
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Flag description:
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white with a
copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from
the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in
the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and
reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities
note:
the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag
retains the white field of the Cyprus national flag but displays narrow
horizontal red stripes positioned a small distance from the top and
bottom edges between which are centered a red crescent and a red
five-pointed star; the banner is modeled after the Turkish national flag
but with the colors reversed
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Economy - overview:
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The area of the Republic of Cyprus
under government control has a market economy dominated by the service
sector, which accounts for nearly four-fifths of GDP. Tourism, financial
services, and real estate are the most important sectors. Erratic
growth rates over the past decade reflect the economy's reliance on
tourism, which often fluctuates with political instability in the region
and economic conditions in Western Europe. Nevertheless, the economy in
the area under government control has grown at a rate well above the EU
average since 2000. Cyprus joined the European Exchange Rate Mechanism
(ERM2) in May 2005 and adopted the euro as its national currency on 1
January 2008. An aggressive austerity program in the preceding years,
aimed at paving the way for the euro, helped turn a soaring fiscal
deficit (6.3% in 2003) into a surplus of 1.2% in 2008, and reduced
inflation to 4.7%. This prosperity came under pressure in 2009, as
construction and tourism slowed in the face of reduced foreign demand
triggered by the ongoing global financial crisis. Although Cyprus lagged
its EU peers in showing signs of stress from the global crisis, the
economy tipped into recession in mid 2009 and GDP contracted by 0.8% in
2009. In addition, the budget deficit is on the rise and reached 4.4% of
GDP, a violation of the EU's budget deficit criteria of no more than 3%
of GDP. In response to the country's deteriorating finances, Nicosia is
promising to implement measures to cut the cost of the state payroll,
curb tax evasion, and revamp social benefits. As in the area
administered by Turkish Cypriots, water shortages are a perennial
problem; a few desalination plants have been added to existing plants
over the last year and are now on line. After 10 years of drought, the
country received substantial rainfall from 2001-04. Since then, rainfall
has been well below average, making water rationing a necessity.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$22.97 billion (2009
est.)
16
$23.16
billion (2008 est.)
$22.35
billion (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$23.49 billion (2009
est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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-0.8% (2009 est.)
21
3.6%
(2008 est.)
5.1%
(2007 est.)
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$21,200 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
$21,700
(2008 est.)
$21,300
(2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 2.1%
industry:
18.7%
services:
79.3% (2009 est.)
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Labor force:
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403,000 (2009 est.)
59
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Labor force -
by occupation:
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agriculture: 8.5%
industry:
20.5%
services:
71% (2006 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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5.3% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
3.6%
(2008 est.)
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Population
below poverty line:
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NA%
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%:
NA%
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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29 (2005)
17
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Investment (gross fixed):
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20.4% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues:: $9.443
billion
expenditures::
$10.95 billion (2009 est.)
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Public debt:
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56.2% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
48.4%
of GDP (2008 est.)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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0.4% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
4.7%
(2008 est.)
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Central bank
discount rate:
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3% (31 December 2008)
05
5%
(31 December 2007)
note:
this is the European Central Bank's rate on the
marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the
euro area
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Commercial bank prime lending rate:
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7.19% (31 December 2008)
30
6.74%
(31 December 2007)
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Stock of money:
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$6.996
billion (31 December 2007)
note:
this figure represents the US dollar value of
Cypriot pounds in circulation prior to Cyprus joining the Economic and
Monetary Union (EMU); see entry for the European Union for money supply
in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary
policy for the 16 members of the EMU; individual members of the EMU do
not control the quantity of money and quasi money circulating within
their own borders
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Stock of quasi money:
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$75.06
billion (31 December 2007)
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Stock of
domestic credit:
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$80.68 billion (31
December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 47
$52.09
billion (31 December 2007)
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Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$NA (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 71
$7.955
billion (31 December 2008)
$29.48
billion (31 December 2007)
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Agriculture - products:
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citrus, vegetables,
barley, grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese
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Industries:
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tourism, food and
beverage processing, cement and gypsum production, ship repair and
refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper,
stone, and clay products
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Industrial production growth rate:
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-5.6% (2009 est.)
17
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Electricity -
production:
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4.502 billion kWh (2007
est.)
15
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Electricity -
consumption:
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4.277 billion kWh (2007
est.)
16
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity - imports:
|
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Oil - production:
|
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0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
93
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Oil - consumption:
|
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59,000 bbl/day (2008
est.)
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Oil - exports:
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0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
02
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Oil - imports:
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58,930 bbl/day (2007
est.)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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0 bbl
89
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Natural gas -
production:
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
83
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Natural gas -
consumption:
|
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
93
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
92
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural
gas - proved reserves:
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0 cu m (1 January 2009
est.)
88
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Current account balance:
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-$2.018 billion (2009
est.)
49
-$4.349
billion (2008 est.)
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Exports:
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$1.348 billion (2009
est.)
39
$2.13
billion (2008 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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citrus, potatoes,
pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing
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Exports - partners:
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Greece 20%, UK 10.8%,
Germany 6% (2008)
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Imports:
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$7.277 billion (2009
est.)
$11.06
billion (2008 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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consumer goods, petroleum
and lubricants, intermediate goods, machinery, transport equipment
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Imports - partners:
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Greece 16.9%, Italy
10.7%, UK 8.7%, Germany 8.3%, Israel 8.2%, China 5.3%, Netherlands 4.1%,
France 4.1% (2008)
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$1.289 billion (31
December 2009 est.)
24
$1.003
billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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Debt - external:
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$NA (31 December 2009
est.)
$32.86
billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
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$23.74 billion (31
December 2009 est.)
$20.71
billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
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$13.99 billion (31
December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 46
$10.49
billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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Exchange rates:
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euros (EUR) per US dollar
- 0.734 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), Cypriot pounds (CYP) per US dollar -
0.4286 (2007), 0.4586 (2006), 0.4641 (2005)
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Economy of the area administered by
Turkish Cypriots:
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Economy - overview: The
Turkish Cypriot economy has roughly half the per capita GDP of the
south, and economic growth tends to be volatile, given the north's
relative isolation, bloated public sector, reliance on the Turkish lira,
and small market size. Agriculture and services, together, employ more
than half of the work force. The Turkish Cypriot economy grew around
10.6% in 2006, fueled by growth in the construction and education
sectors, as well as increased employment of Turkish Cypriots in the area
under government control. GDP declined about 2.0% in 2007. The Turkish
Cypriots are heavily dependent on transfers from the Turkish Government.
Ankara directly finances about one-third of the "TRNC's" budget. Aid
from Turkey has exceeded $400 million annually in recent years. The
Turkish Cypriot economy experienced a sharp slowdown in 2008-09 due to
the global financial crisis and, because of its reliance on British and
Turkish tourism, which has declined due to the recession. Turkish
Cypriot finances also deteriorated in 2009 as decreased state revenues
and increased government expenditures on public sector salaries and
social services led to a large budget deficit.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$1.829 billion (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
-2% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita:
$11,700 (2007 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 8.6%, industry: 22.5%, services:
69.1% (2006 est.)
Labor force:
95,030 (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 14.5%, industry: 29%, services: 56.5%
(2004)
Unemployment rate:
9.4% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
%NA
Inflation rate:
11.4% (2006)
Budget:
revenues: $2.5 billion, expenditures: $2.5 billion
(2006)
Agriculture - products:
citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives,
poultry, lamb
Industries:
foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay,
gypsum, copper, furniture
Industrial production growth rate:
-0.3% (2007 est.)
Electricity production:
998.9 million kWh (2005)
Electricity consumption:
797.9 million kWh (2005)
Exports:
$68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Export - commodities:
citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles
Export - partners:
Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area
administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control
remains limited
Imports:
$1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Import - commodities:
vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals,
chemicals, machinery
Import - partners:
Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area
administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control
remains limited
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$NA
Debt - external:
$NA
Currency (code):
Turkish new lira (YTL)
Exchange rates:
Turkish new lira per US dollar: 1.319 (2007)
1.4286 (2006) 1.3436 (2005) 1.4255 (2004) 1.5009 (2003)
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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area under government control:
413,300 (2008); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: 86,228 (2002)
03
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Telephones -
mobile cellular:
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area under government
control: 1.017 million (2008); area administered by Turkish Cypriots:
147,522 (2002)
45
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: excellent
in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish
Cypriots
domestic:
open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio
relay
international:
country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish
Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine
cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to
Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter;
satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian
Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)
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Radio broadcast stations:
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area under government control: AM
5, FM 76, shortwave 0
area administered by Turkish Cypriots:
AM 1, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2004)
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Television
broadcast stations:
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area under government control: 8
area administered by Turkish Cypriots:
2 (plus 4 relay) (2004)
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Internet country code:
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.cy
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Internet hosts:
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185,451 (2009)
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Internet users:
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334,400 (2008)
21
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Airports:
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15 (2009)
44
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m:
6
1,524 to 2,437 m:
3
914 to 1,523 m:
3
under 914 m:
1 (2009)
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 2
under 914 m:
2 (2009)
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Heliports:
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9 (2009)
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Roadways:
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total: 14,671
km
22
12,321
km under government control (includes 257 km of expressways)
2,350
km administered by Turkish Cypriots (2008)
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Merchant marine:
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total: 858
3
by type:
bulk carrier 295, cargo 182, chemical tanker 63,
container 193, liquefied gas 10, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 24,
petroleum tanker 58, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 12,
specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 5
foreign-owned:
690 (Austria 1, Belgium 2, Canada 2, Chile 1,
China 10, Cuba 1, Denmark 4, Estonia 5, Germany 189, Greece 259, Hong
Kong 2, India 2, Iran 10, Ireland 3, Israel 4, Italy 7, Japan 21, South
Korea 1, Latvia 1, Lebanon 1, Netherlands 22, Norway 18, Philippines 1,
Poland 18, Portugal 1, Russia 50, Singapore 3, Slovenia 4, Spain 6,
Sweden 2, Syria 2, Ukraine 4, UAE 9, UK 19, US 5)
registered in other countries:
256 (Antigua and Barbuda 18, Bahamas 25, Belize 1,
Burma 1, Cambodia 7, Comoros 1, Georgia 1, Germany 2, Gibraltar 1,
Greece 7, Liberia 63, Malta 31, Marshall Islands 37, Netherlands 8,
Netherlands Antilles 21, Panama 19, Poland 1, Russia 2, Saint Kitts and
Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Samoa 1, Singapore 1, Tonga
1, Turkey 2, UK 2, unknown 1) (2008)
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Ports and terminals:
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area under government
control: Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos;; area administered by Turkish
Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia
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Military branches:
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Republic of Cyprus: Greek Cypriot
National Guard (Ethniki Forea, EF; includes naval and air elements);
northern Cyprus: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (GKK) (2009)
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Military service age and obligation:
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Greek Cypriot National
Guard (GCNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all
Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; women may
volunteer for a 3-year term; length of normal service is 25 months
(2009)
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 16-49: 322,807
females age 16-49:
284,386 (2010 est.)
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 16-49: 271,692
females age 16-49:
236,908 (2010 est.)
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Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
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male: 8,317
female:
7,542 (2010 est.)
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Military expenditures:
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3.8% of GDP (2005 est.)
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| Transnational Issues
::Cyprus |
Disputes - international:
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hostilities in 1974 divided the
island into two de facto autonomous entities, the internationally
recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north
Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has
served in Cyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north
and south; on 1 May 2004, Cyprus entered the European Union still
divided, with the EU's body of legislation and standards (acquis
communitaire) suspended in the north; Turkey protests Cypriot Government
creating hydrocarbon blocks and maritime boundary with Lebanon in March
2007
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Refugees and internally displaced persons:
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IDPs: 210,000
(both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced for over 30 years)
(2007)
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Illicit drugs:
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minor transit point for
heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe,
especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well;
despite a strengthening of anti-money-laundering legislation, remains
vulnerable to money laundering; reporting of suspicious transactions in
offshore sector remains weak (2008)
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